{"id":2097,"date":"2017-06-20T13:22:40","date_gmt":"2017-06-20T13:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/?p=2097"},"modified":"2025-03-13T13:25:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T13:25:46","slug":"le-defi-du-passage-des-sig-aux-idg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2017\/06\/20\/le-defi-du-passage-des-sig-aux-idg\/","title":{"rendered":"Approche de passage des SIG aux IDG"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/18527655_10210601355368349_5857081683079631527_n-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/18527655_10210601355368349_5857081683079631527_n-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/18527655_10210601355368349_5857081683079631527_n-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/18527655_10210601355368349_5857081683079631527_n-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/18527655_10210601355368349_5857081683079631527_n.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/LauriniMORGEO-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/LauriniMORGEO-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/LauriniMORGEO-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/LauriniMORGEO-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/LauriniMORGEO.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Prof Robert Laurini intervenant&nbsp;lors du MORGEO 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le congr\u00e8s MOGEO 2017 organis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019EHTP les 16-17 mai 2017 , &nbsp; a offert l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2018avoir un aper\u00e7u&nbsp; sur la situation de la recherche en g\u00e9omatique au Maroc dans ses diverses disciplines scientifiques, volets technologiques et applications th\u00e9matiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u2019ai essay\u00e9 d\u2019identifier \u00e0 travers ce congr\u00e8s des indications &nbsp;sur &nbsp;la recherche dans ce domaine au Maroc, a partir de &nbsp; quelques chiffres du congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nombres de conf\u00e9rences pl\u00e9ni\u00e8res&nbsp;: 10 dont deux ayant trait aux &nbsp;Infrastructure de donn\u00e9es G\u00e9ospatiales (IDG)(20%) (la conf\u00e9rence du Prof Robert Laurini &nbsp;sur les infrastructures des connaissances g\u00e9ographiques, et la mienne sur le statut l\u00e9gal des donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ospatiales),<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/books\/geographic-knowledge-infrastructure\/laurini\/978-1-78548-243-4\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-slideshare wp-block-embed-slideshare\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/mtimoulali\/the-legal-status-of-the-geospatial-data\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nombre de communications orales 74 dont trois relatives aux IDG (4%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces chiffres refl\u00e8tent l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d\u2019esprit des op\u00e9rateurs au Maroc , par rapport &nbsp;aux pr\u00e9occupations ayant conduit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution vers les IDG&nbsp; \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale, telles que le besoin de d&rsquo;ouverture \/ partage de donn\u00e9es , interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes, et normalisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Le tableau n\u2019est cependant pas&nbsp; totalement sombre. Car en l\u2019absence d\u2019un cadre favorable jusqu\u2019\u00e0, pr\u00e9sent pour la mis en place d\u2019une infrastructure nationale d\u2019 information G\u00e9ospatiales&nbsp;(INDG), l\u2019on voit appara\u00eetre des projets orient\u00e9s IDG th\u00e9matiques ou territoriales.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvolSDI2-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2099\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvolSDI2-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvolSDI2-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvolSDI2.jpg 609w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvoSDI1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2098\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvoSDI1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvoSDI1-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/EvoSDI1.jpg 609w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>1- Ouverture des donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;examen de quelques sites cartographiques et SIG &nbsp; en ligne &nbsp;d\u2019administration marocaines (HCP, DEPF \/Minist\u00e8re &nbsp;de l&rsquo;Economie et finance, ONDH), permet d&rsquo;esquisser les efforts &nbsp;d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour l&rsquo;ouverture des donn\u00e9es au public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/rgphencartes.hcp.ma\/\">http:\/\/rgphencartes.hcp.ma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/manar.finances.gov.ma\/\">http:\/\/manar.finances.gov.ma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.albacharia.ma\/mapController?op=show\">http:\/\/www.albacharia.ma\/mapController?op=show<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geoportail.gov.ma\">http:\/\/www.geoportail.gov.ma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Cartographie th\u00e9matique\/Statistique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous examinons aussi quelques documents officiels pour aborder des consid\u00e9rations en relation avec la &nbsp;cartographie th\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A noter que &nbsp;des auteurs des dits documents ont pris le soin de publier leurs donn\u00e9es cartographiques sous l&rsquo;intitul\u00e9 de graphique ou sch\u00e9ma , comme pour souligner &nbsp;que le plus important est de communiquer son message de fa\u00e7on ais\u00e9e et compr\u00e9hensible \u00e0 un large public, &nbsp;non forc\u00e9ment familier avec les principes et conventions en cartographie.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/HCP-213x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/HCP-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/HCP-106x150.jpg 106w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/HCP.jpg 609w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DEPF1-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DEPF1-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DEPF1-768x525.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DEPF1-1024x700.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DEPF1-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DEPF1.jpg 1029w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.finances.gov.ma\/depf\/SitePages\/publications\/en_catalogue\/etudes\/2017\/croissance_des_regions.pdf\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Education-300x276.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Education-300x276.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Education-150x138.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Education.jpg 746w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.csefrs.ma\/pdf\/ATLAS_Graphique.pdf\">http:\/\/www.csefrs.ma\/pdf\/ATLAS_Graphique.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant1-300x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant1-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant1-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant1.jpg 638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant-2-300x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant-2-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant-2-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sant-2.jpg 638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Publications\/Etudes_enquete\/Documents\/04-2016\/SANTE%20EN%20CHIFFRES%202015%20Edition%202016.pdf\">http:\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Publications\/Etudes_enquete\/Documents\/04-2016\/SANTE%20EN%20CHIFFRES%202015%20Edition%202016.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"265\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/TT_activ-265x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/TT_activ-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/TT_activ-768x868.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/TT_activ-133x150.jpg 133w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/TT_activ.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 265px) 100vw, 265px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geoportail.gov.ma\">http:\/\/www.geoportail.gov.ma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est utile \u00e0 cette occasion de rappeler l&rsquo;existence du mouvement &nbsp;de cartographie radicale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&lsquo;Subversive et provocante, la cartographie radicale peut heurter les professionnels de la cartographie dite classique. Utilisant plut\u00f4t (mais pas forc\u00e9ment) des repr\u00e9sentations iconoclastes ne respectant pas toujours les r\u00e8gles classiques de la cartographie (s\u00e9miologie bertiniene), la carte est ici utilis\u00e9e avant tout comme un outil de communication au service d\u2019un combat \u00e0 mener&rsquo;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-carnet-neo-cartographique wp-block-embed-carnet-neo-cartographique\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ITwUQcVRdB\"><a href=\"https:\/\/neocarto.hypotheses.org\/15\">Cartographie radicale<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Cartographie radicale\u00a0\u00bb &#8212; Carnet (neo)cartographique\" src=\"https:\/\/neocarto.hypotheses.org\/15\/embed#?secret=RblPlv0aTj#?secret=ITwUQcVRdB\" data-secret=\"ITwUQcVRdB\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Approches et m\u00e9thodologies de r\u00e9alisation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>les approches &nbsp;de r\u00e9alisation sont nombreuses, et la panoplie des m\u00e9thodologies d&rsquo;analyse et conception des syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;information est large, de m\u00eame que &nbsp;les outils d&rsquo;aides, &nbsp;\u00e0 la disposition des analystes\/concepteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une bonne connaissance de &nbsp;ces outils en &nbsp;permet le choix le plus appropri\u00e9 en fonction du contexte, et de &nbsp;se d\u00e9partir ainsi &nbsp;du choix exclusif entre m\u00e9thodes , &nbsp;formalismes et outils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9marche participative &nbsp;avec les utilisateurs est indispensables &nbsp;\u00e0 toutes les \u00e9tapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La diversit\u00e9 des intervenants impose par ailleurs une organisation en \u00e9quipe avec des m\u00e9canismes appropri\u00e9s de pr\u00e9vention et r\u00e9solutions d&rsquo;\u00e9ventuels probl\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si les probl\u00e8mes techniques sont de nature \u00e0 trouver des solutions rapides, ceux relevant d&rsquo;autres natures notamment \u00e9thiques sont plus difficile \u00e0 cerner, et &nbsp;constituent le plus grand risque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. D\u00e9marche &lsquo;Fit For &nbsp;Purpose&rsquo;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On constate par cons\u00e9quent que la prise &nbsp;en consid\u00e9ration des avanc\u00e9es dans le domaine sur les plans m\u00e9thodologiques et technologiques est une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 primordiale qui devrait \u00eatre soutenue par un effort acad\u00e9mique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceci devrait  se traduire sur le plan &nbsp;op\u00e9rationnel dans les diverses &nbsp;r\u00e9alisations &nbsp;de syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;information. tout en ayant \u00e0 l\u2019esprit le besoin du &nbsp;&lsquo;Fit For Purpose&rsquo;, afin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins , en prenant en consid\u00e9ration l&rsquo;ensemble des contraintes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.fig.net\/resources\/publications\/figpub\/pub60\/Figpub60.pdf\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.fig.net\/resources\/proceedings\/fig_proceedings\/fig2016\/papers\/ts01i\/TS01I_mckenna_8090.pdf\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nerc-bess.net\/ne-ess\/data\/Resources\/Guidelines%20to%20mapping_180214.pdf\">http:\/\/www.nerc-bess.net\/ne-ess\/data\/Resources\/Guidelines%20to%20mapping_180214.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Benchmark<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Des bonnes pratiques &nbsp;dans le domaine sont document\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de r\u00e9alisations dans plusieurs pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous nous referons \u00e0 titre d&rsquo;exemple \u00e0 l&rsquo;infrastructure pour l&rsquo;information spatiale en Europe (INSPIRE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>C&rsquo;est sur cette infrastructure qu&rsquo;est b\u00e2ti entre autre le programme Observatoire en R\u00e9seau de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire Europ\u00e9en (ORATE) ( ESPON).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.espon.eu\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Les deux exemples montrent bien l&rsquo;importance des moyens &nbsp;financiers mobilis\u00e9s ainsi que &nbsp;les ressources humaines intervenants au niveau scientifique et technique, R&amp;D &nbsp;pour la r\u00e9ussite de ces initiatives.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"298\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ORATE-298x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ORATE-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ORATE-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ORATE-768x774.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ORATE.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.espon.eu\/topics-policy\/publications\/maps-month\/shaping-new-policies-specific-types-territories-europe-islands\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prof Robert Laurini intervenant&nbsp;lors du MORGEO 2017 Le congr\u00e8s MOGEO 2017 organis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019EHTP les 16-17 mai 2017 , &nbsp;&#8230; <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2017\/06\/20\/le-defi-du-passage-des-sig-aux-idg\/\">Suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2152,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[41,162,38,149,163,58],"class_list":["post-2097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geomatique-2","category-tic","tag-evolution","tag-gis","tag-idg","tag-maroc","tag-sdi","tag-sig"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2097"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13084,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2097\/revisions\/13084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}