{"id":18815,"date":"2026-10-26T09:52:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T09:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/?p=18815"},"modified":"2026-10-27T09:41:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T09:41:51","slug":"securite-geospatiale-entre-ouverture-des-donnees-et-souverainete-nationale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2026\/10\/26\/securite-geospatiale-entre-ouverture-des-donnees-et-souverainete-nationale\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9ospatiale : entre ouverture des donn\u00e9es et souverainet\u00e9 nationale"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"332\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Geosec-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Geosec-1.jpg 591w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Geosec-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Geosec-1-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Retour sur le workshop \u00ab Geospatial Security \u00bb de UN-GGIM: Arab States (Djeddah, f\u00e9vrier 2025) <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans mon billet du 23 octobre 2026 sur la 12e session de <strong>UN-GGIM: Africa<\/strong>, je rappelais le d\u00e9fi auquel face les agences nationales en charge de l&#8217;information geospatiale, de concilier les exigences de d\u00e9veloppement durable avec l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-aide-a-la-decision-pour-les-politiques-publiques wp-block-embed-aide-a-la-decision-pour-les-politiques-publiques\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Mor0Wj6dLV\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2026\/10\/23\/un-ggim-africa-12-cap-sur-laction-le-financement-durable-et-la-souverainete-numerique\/\">UN-GGIM: Africa 12 \u2013 Cap sur l\u2019action, le financement durable et la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0UN-GGIM: Africa 12 \u2013 Cap sur l\u2019action, le financement durable et la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique\u00a0\u00bb \u2014 AIDE A LA DECISION POUR LES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2026\/10\/23\/un-ggim-africa-12-cap-sur-laction-le-financement-durable-et-la-souverainete-numerique\/embed\/#?secret=Lie4x1vBUh#?secret=Mor0Wj6dLV\" data-secret=\"Mor0Wj6dLV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment cette tension qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 explor\u00e9e en profondeur lors du workshop \u00ab Geospatial Security \u00bb  organis\u00e9 en marge de la 12e r\u00e9union pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re de <strong>UN-GGIM: Arab States<\/strong> \u00e0 Djeddah (2-6 f\u00e9vrier 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Voici une lecture strat\u00e9gique de la contribution de John Keddar, et les enseignements qu\u2019elle porte<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Un monde instable qui force \u00e0 regarder le g\u00e9ospatial autrement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kedar part d\u2019un constat simple : g\u00e9opolitique tendue, cybermenaces, raret\u00e9 des ressources, disruption technologique. Dans ce contexte, les \u00ab threat actors \u00bb (\u00c9tats adverses, groupes terroristes, criminalit\u00e9 organis\u00e9e) utilisent massivement les donn\u00e9es et technologies g\u00e9ospatiales ouvertes ou commerciales pour planifier et conduire leurs op\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019exemple de la cartographie des infrastructures sous-marines europ\u00e9ennes, les cyberattaques contre des installations p\u00e9troli\u00e8res ou l\u2019usage quotidien du GNSS par les trafiquants de stup\u00e9fiants illustrent une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 : ce qui est un bien public pour le d\u00e9veloppement peut devenir un outil de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Le dilemme central : maximiser les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices tout en g\u00e9rant les risques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le workshop refuse les positions extr\u00eames (\u00ab tout classer \u00bb ou \u00ab tout ouvrir \u00bb). Il s\u2019appuie sur le cadre UN-IGIF pour rappeler qu\u2019il faut trouver un \u00e9quilibre intelligent entre :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">l\u2019utilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es pour la croissance \u00e9conomique et le d\u00e9veloppement durable ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">la protection des informations sensibles pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, la vie priv\u00e9e et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices sont r\u00e9els et mesurables (plusieurs milliards de dollars de contribution au PIB dans certains pays). Mais sans garde-fous, la confiance s\u2019\u00e9rode et les agences cartographiques se replient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Ce que recouvre r\u00e9ellement la \u00ab s\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9ospatiale \u00bb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce n\u2019est pas seulement une question de classification de donn\u00e9es. Kedar \u00e9largit le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre \u00e0 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">les syst\u00e8mes de positionnement, navigation et temps (GNSS\/PNT) \u2013 point de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 syst\u00e9mique (jamming, spoofing) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">l\u2019observation de la Terre commerciale (r\u00e9solutions jusqu\u2019\u00e0 0,25 m, quasi-surveillance persistante) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">les donn\u00e9es fondamentales et les infrastructures nationales de donn\u00e9es spatiales ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me plus large (analytics, fournisseurs, smartphones, IA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La question n\u2019est plus \u00ab faut-il ouvrir les donn\u00e9es ? \u00bb, mais \u00ab quelles donn\u00e9es, pour qui, avec quelles restrictions gradu\u00e9es, et sous quelle gouvernance ? \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils pragmatique plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une logique de classification syst\u00e9matique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le workshop propose une palette de mesures proportionn\u00e9es :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">restriction d\u2019acc\u00e8s par licences et contr\u00f4les (sans classification) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">limitation de la collecte (drones, Street View, photographie) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">d\u00e9gradation volontaire de l\u2019imagerie ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">omission ou modification s\u00e9lective de certaines caract\u00e9ristiques ou attributs ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">actions de protection par les op\u00e9rateurs d\u2019infrastructures critiques ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">classification uniquement en dernier recours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces outils permettent de pr\u00e9server la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et l\u2019autorit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es officielles tout en limitant les risques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. Implications concr\u00e8tes pour l\u2019Afrique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les conclusions de UN-GGIM: Africa 12 (financement durable, AFREF, IA et normes, administration fonci\u00e8re) trouvent ici un prolongement naturel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>AFREF et partage de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9od\u00e9siques<\/strong> : le frein n\u2019est pas seulement technique ou financier. Il est aussi li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019absence de cadres nationaux clairs sur ce qui peut circuler librement et ce qui doit \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Business cases et financement<\/strong> : int\u00e9grer la dimension \u00ab s\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9ospatiale \u00bb dans les analyses de rentabilit\u00e9 renforce la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s des minist\u00e8res des Finances et des partenaires.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>IA et donn\u00e9es certifi\u00e9es<\/strong> : la qualit\u00e9 et la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence deviennent des enjeux de souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique autant que de performance algorithmique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Gouvernance<\/strong> : sans dialogue structur\u00e9 entre agences cartographiques, services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, autorit\u00e9s de protection des donn\u00e9es et d\u00e9cideurs politiques, les politiques d\u2019ouverture resteront fragiles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion : un chantier \u00e0 <\/strong>initier<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 g\u00e9ospatiale n\u2019est plus un sujet r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux seuls sp\u00e9cialistes de la d\u00e9fense. C\u2019est un cha\u00eenon \u00e0 prendre en charge  par la gouvernance des donn\u00e9es territoriales en Afrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les travaux de UN-GGIM: Arab States offrent un cadre de r\u00e9flexion utile. Il appartient d\u00e9sormais aux \u00c9tats africains, sous l\u2019\u00e9gide de UN-GGIM: Africa et avec l\u2019appui de la CEA, de l\u2019adapter \u00e0 leurs r\u00e9alit\u00e9s : construire des politiques nationales qui prot\u00e8gent sans paralyser, qui ouvrent sans fragiliser, et qui placent la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique au service du d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-aide-a-la-decision-pour-les-politiques-publiques wp-block-embed-aide-a-la-decision-pour-les-politiques-publiques\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Mor0Wj6dLV\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2026\/10\/23\/un-ggim-africa-12-cap-sur-laction-le-financement-durable-et-la-souverainete-numerique\/\">UN-GGIM: Africa 12 \u2013 Cap sur l\u2019action, le financement durable et la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0UN-GGIM: Africa 12 \u2013 Cap sur l\u2019action, le financement durable et la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique\u00a0\u00bb \u2014 AIDE A LA DECISION POUR LES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2026\/10\/23\/un-ggim-africa-12-cap-sur-laction-le-financement-durable-et-la-souverainete-numerique\/embed\/#?secret=Lie4x1vBUh#?secret=Mor0Wj6dLV\" data-secret=\"Mor0Wj6dLV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un-ggim-as.org\/Workshop%20on%20Geospatial%20Security.pdf\">https:\/\/www.un-ggim-as.org\/Workshop%20on%20Geospatial%20Security.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geospatialworld.net\/gwf\/2026\/proceedings.php\">https:\/\/geospatialworld.net\/gwf\/2026\/proceedings.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geospatialworld.net\/gwf\/2026\/program-overview.html\">https:\/\/geospatialworld.net\/gwf\/2026\/program-overview.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Geospatial security: between open data and national sovereignty<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core argument:<\/strong> National mapping agencies must reconcile sustainable development goals with national security. The  presented workshop rejects both extremes, &#8220;classify everything&#8221; and &#8220;open everything&#8221;, and asks which data, for whom, under what graduated restrictions and what governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main points<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Unstable context.<\/strong> Geopolitical tension, cyber threats and resource scarcity mean hostile actors increasingly exploit open or commercial geospatial data. The post cites the mapping of European undersea infrastructure, cyberattacks on oil facilities and drug traffickers&#8217; routine use of GNSS. A public good for development can become a vulnerability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>The central dilemma.<\/strong> Using the UN-IGIF framework, the workshop seeks a balance between the data&#8217;s economic and development value (billions of dollars of GDP contribution in some countries) and protection of national security, privacy and intellectual property. Without safeguards, trust erodes and mapping agencies withdraw.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>A broader scope.<\/strong> Geospatial security covers more than data classification:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">GNSS\/PNT systems, which are vulnerable to jamming and spoofing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Commercial Earth observation, with resolution down to 0.25 m and near-persistent surveillance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Foundational data and national spatial data infrastructures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">The wider ecosystem: analytics, vendors, smartphones and AI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>A pragmatic toolbox instead of blanket classification.<\/strong> Measures are proportionate:<ul><li>Access restrictions through licences and controls.<\/li><li>Limits on collection (drones, Street View, photography).<\/li><li>Deliberate degradation of imagery.<\/li><li>Selective omission or alteration of features or attributes.<\/li><li>Protective action by critical-infrastructure operators.<\/li><li>Classification only as a last resort.<\/li><\/ul>These measures preserve the credibility and authority of official data.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Implications for Africa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>AFREF and geodetic data sharing:<\/strong> The obstacle is also the lack of clear national frameworks on what can circulate freely and what must be protected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Business cases and funding:<\/strong> Including geospatial security strengthens credibility with finance ministries and partners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>AI and certified data:<\/strong> Data quality and traceability are issues of digital sovereignty as well as algorithmic performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Governance:<\/strong> Open-data policies stay fragile without structured dialogue among mapping agencies, security services, data-protection authorities and political decision-makers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong> Geospatial security is no longer a niche defence topic but part of territorial data governance in Africa. The author calls on African states, under UN-GGIM: Africa and with support from the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), to adapt a framework into national policies that &#8220;protect without paralysing and open without weakening&#8221;, placing digital sovereignty at the service of sustainable development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"242\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/GWF2026.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18820\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/GWF2026.jpg 598w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/GWF2026-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/GWF2026-150x61.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geospatialworld.net\/gwf\/2026\/program-overview.html\">https:\/\/geospatialworld.net\/gwf\/2026\/program-overview.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Retour sur le workshop \u00ab Geospatial Security \u00bb de UN-GGIM: Arab States (Djeddah, f\u00e9vrier 2025) Dans mon billet du 23&#8230; <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/2026\/10\/26\/securite-geospatiale-entre-ouverture-des-donnees-et-souverainete-nationale\/\">Suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18864,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[139,6,218,551],"tags":[699,698,697],"class_list":["post-18815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cooperation","category-geomatique-2","category-information-geospatiale","category-un-ggim","tag-defense","tag-geoint","tag-securite-geospatiales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18815"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18869,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18815\/revisions\/18869"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtopic.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}